Virtual LAN (VLAN)
A VLAN is a group of switch ports designated by the switch as belonging to the same broadcast domain. More specifically, VLANs can be seen as a group of end-stations, perhaps on multiple physical LAN segments, which are not constrained by the physical location and can communicate as if they were on a common LAN.
Port-Based VLAN (802.1q)
Port grouping is the most common method of defining VLAN membership, and its configuration is straightforward. But, when a user moves from one port to another, it takes a network manager to manually reconfigure VLAN membership.
Trunk (802.3ad)
Trunking is a very useful feature to multiply network bandwidth within your LAN. By establishing a connection that allows network devices to communicate using multiple links in parallel, data can be transferred at multiple bandwidths.
Class of Service (CoS, 802.1p)
Class of Service applies to traffic prioritization and a small number of individual classes. 802.1p allows users or programs to put priorities (normally two levels: high or low) on a particular network transaction. When network traffic congestion occurs, the data tagged with "high" priority will get through first.
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